6 Deferred acquisition costs (DAC) and acquired present value of future profits (PVFP)

As of 31 December, the DAC were as follows:

2018
USD millions

Property & Casualty Reinsurance

Life & Health Reinsurance

Corporate Solutions

Life Capital

Total

Opening balance as of 1 January

2 146

4 234

454

37

6 871

Deferred

4 048

1 235

634

978

6 895

Amortisation

–4 012

–496

–595

–187

–5 290

Effect of foreign currency translation and other changes

–26

–189

–5

–39

–259

Closing balance

2 156

4 784

488

789

8 217

2019
USD millions

Property & Casualty Reinsurance

Life & Health Reinsurance

Corporate Solutions

Life Capital

Total

Opening balance as of 1 January

2 156

4 784

488

789

8 217

Deferred

5 269

434

621

229

6 553

Effect of acquisitions/disposals and retrocessions

 

–256

 

68

–188

Amortisation

–4 809

–445

–626

–240

–6 120

Effect of foreign currency translation and other changes

–3

12

 

24

33

Reclassified to assets held for sale

 

 

 

–657

–657

Closing balance

2 613

4 529

483

213

7 838

Retroceded DAC may arise on retrocession of reinsurance portfolios, including reinsurance undertaken as part of a securitisation. The associated potential retrocession recoveries are determined by the nature of the retrocession agreements and by the terms of the securitisation.

As of 31 December, the PVFP was as follows:

 

Life & Health Reinsurance

 

Life Capital

 

Total

2018
USD millions

 

 

Positive
PVFP

Negative
PVFP

Total

 

 

Opening balance as of 1 January

921

 

1 612

–544

1 068

 

1 989

Amortisation

–140

 

–170

40

–130

 

–270

Interest accrued on unamortised PVFP

45

 

107

–17

90

 

135

Effect of change in unrealised gains/losses

 

 

18

 

18

 

18

Effect of foreign currency translation

–22

 

–62

30

–32

 

–54

Closing balance

804

 

1 505

–491

1 014

 

1 818

 

Life & Health Reinsurance

 

Life Capital

 

Total

2019
USD millions

 

 

Positive
PVFP

Negative
PVFP

Total

 

 

1

Impact from termination of a reinsurance arrangement included.

2

Please refer to Note 10 “Acquisitions”.

Opening balance as of 1 January

804

 

1 505

–491

1 014

 

1 818

Effect of acquisitions/disposals and retrocessions

–1611

 

2032

 

203

 

42

Amortisation

–108

 

–220

46

–174

 

–282

Interest accrued on unamortised PVFP

32

 

103

–15

88

 

120

Effect of change in unrealised gains/losses

 

 

–13

 

–13

 

–13

Effect of foreign currency translation

10

 

43

–16

27

 

37

Reclassified to assets held for sale

 

 

–1 156

476

–680

 

–680

Closing balance

577

 

465

0

465

 

1 042

Retroceded PVFP may arise on retrocession of reinsurance portfolios, including reinsurance undertaken as part of a securitisation. The associated potential retrocession recoveries are determined by the nature of the retrocession agreements and by the terms of the securitisation.

The percentage of PVFP which is expected to be amortised in each of the next five years is 16%, 14%, 13%, 12% and 12%.