11 Debt and contingent capital instruments

The Group enters into long- and short-term debt arrangements to obtain funds for general corporate use and specific transaction financing. The Group defines short-term debt as debt having a maturity at the balance sheet date of not greater than one year and long-term debt as having a maturity of greater than one year. For subordinated debt positions, maturity is defined as the first optional redemption date (notwithstanding that optional redemption could be subject to regulatory consent). Interest expense is classified accordingly.

The Groupʼs debt as of 31 December was as follows:

The Group uses debt for general corporate purposes and to fund discrete pools of operational leverage and financial intermediation assets. Operational leverage and financial intermediation are subject to asset and liability matching, resulting in little to no risk that the assets will be insufficient to service and settle the liabilities. Debt used for operational leverage and financial intermediation is treated as operational debt and excluded by the rating agencies from financial leverage calculations. Certain debt positions are limited- or non-recourse, meaning the debtorsʼ claims are limited to assets underlying the financing. As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, debt related to operational leverage and financial intermediation amounted to USD 4.7 billion (thereof USD 3.4 billion limited- or non-recourse) and USD 4.0 billion (thereof USD 3.0 billion limited- or non-recourse), respectively.

Maturity of long-term debt

As of 31 December, long-term debt as reported above had the following maturities:

Senior long-term debt

Subordinated long-term debt

Interest expense on long-term debt and contingent capital instruments

Interest expense on long-term debt for the years ended 31 December was as follows:

In addition to the above, interest expense on contingent capital instruments classified as equity was USD 69 million and USD 68 million for the years ended 31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Long-term debt issued in 2015

In January 2015, Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd issued senior notes due 2027. The notes have a face value of CHF 250 million, with a fixed coupon of 0.75% per annum.

In April 2015, Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd issued EUR 750 million face amount of perpetual subordinated fixed-to-floating rate callable loan notes with a first optional redemption date on 1 September 2025. The notes bear interest through the first optional redemption date at 2.60% per annum. The notes were issued in connection with a concurrent exchange of part of the EUR 1 billion 5.252% Perpetual Subordinated Step-Up Loan Notes issued by Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd.

Subordinated debt facility established in 2015

In November 2015, Swiss Re Ltd established a subordinated debt facility with a termination date of 15 August 2025. The facility allows Swiss Re Ltd to issue at any time subordinated fixed-to-floating rate callable notes with a face value of up to USD 700 million, having a first optional redemption date of 15 August 2025 and a maturity date of 15 August 2050. Swiss Re Ltd pays a fee of 3.53% per annum on the available commitment under the facility. Notes issued under the facility have a fixed coupon of 5.75% per annum until the first optional redemption date.

In these financial statements, the facility fee is classified as interest expense. Notes, when issued under the facility, will be classified as subordinated debt. As of 31 December 2015, no notes have been issued under the facility.

Contingent capital instruments

In February 2012, Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd issued a perpetual subordinated instrument with stock settlement. The instrument has a face value of CHF 320 million, with a fixed coupon of 7.25% per annum until the first optional redemption date (1 September 2017).

In March 2012, Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd issued a perpetual subordinated capital instrument with stock settlement. The instrument has a face value of USD 750 million, with a fixed coupon of 8.25% per annum until the first optional redemption date (1 September 2018).

Both instruments may be converted, at the option of the issuer, into Swiss ReSwiss Re Ltd shares at any time through at market conversion using the retrospective five-day volume weighted average share price with a 3% discount or within six months following a solvency event at a pre-set floor price (CHF 26 for the instrument with face value of CHF 320 million and USD 32 for the instrument with face value of USD 750 million, respectively). These instruments are referred to in these financial statements as “contingent capital instruments”.